Despite its importance for federated learning, continuous learning and many other applications, on-device training remains an open problem for EdgeAI. The problem stems from the large number of operations (e.g., floating point multiplications and additions) and memory consumption required during training by the back-propagation algorithm. Consequently, in this paper, we propose a new gradient filtering approach which enables on-device DNN model training. More precisely, our approach creates a special structure with fewer unique elements in the gradient map, thus significantly reducing the computational complexity and memory consumption of back propagation during training. Extensive experiments on image classification and semantic segmentation with multiple DNN models (e.g., MobileNet, DeepLabV3, UPerNet) and devices (e.g., Raspberry Pi and Jetson Nano) demonstrate the effectiveness and wide applicability of our approach. For example, compared to SOTA, we achieve up to 19$\times$ speedup and 77.1% memory savings on ImageNet classification with only 0.1% accuracy loss. Finally, our method is easy to implement and deploy; over 20$\times$ speedup and 90% energy savings have been observed compared to highly optimized baselines in MKLDNN and CUDNN on NVIDIA Jetson Nano. Consequently, our approach opens up a new direction of research with a huge potential for on-device training.

优化所需特性的化学分子在于药物发育的核心。尽管深度生成模型和加强学习方法进行了初步成功，但这些方法主要受到预定义属性函数或通过手动预编译的原始和优化分子的并行数据的限制。在本文中，我们首次制定了作为样式转移问题的分子优化，并提出了一种新的生成模型，可以通过对抗训练策略自动学习两组非并行数据之间的内部差异。我们的模型通过组合辅助引导变分自身额和生成流动技术，可以通过组合辅助引导变分自动化器和经常性流动技术来保存分子内容和分子特性的优化。两种分子优化任务的实验，毒性修饰和合成性改进，证明我们的模型显着优于几种最先进的方法。

尽管在视觉情感识别方面取得了很多进展，但研究人员已经意识到，现代深层网络倾向于利用数据集特征来学习输入和目标之间的虚假统计关联。这种数据集特性通常被视为数据集偏差，这会损害这些识别系统的稳健性和泛化性能。在这项工作中，我们从因果推理的角度审查了这个问题，在该因果推理的角度将这种数据集特征称为混杂因素，它误导了系统以学习虚假相关性。为了减轻数据集偏见带来的负面影响，我们提出了一种新颖的介入情绪识别网络（IERN）来实现后门调整，这是因果推断中一种基本的解污染技术。具体而言，IERN首先将与数据集相关的上下文功能从实际的情感功能中解散，前者形成混杂因素。然后，情感功能将被迫在被送入分类器之前平均看到每个混杂层。一系列设计的测试验证了IERN的功效，并且对三个情感基准的实验表明，IERN的表现优于最先进的方法，以实现无偏见的视觉情感识别。代码可从https://github.com/donydchen/causal_emotion获得

神经隐式表示在新的视图合成和来自多视图图像的高质量3D重建方面显示了其有效性。但是，大多数方法都集中在整体场景表示上，但忽略了其中的各个对象，从而限制了潜在的下游应用程序。为了学习对象组合表示形式，一些作品将2D语义图作为训练中的提示，以掌握对象之间的差异。但是他们忽略了对象几何和实例语义信息之间的牢固联系，这导致了单个实例的不准确建模。本文提出了一个新颖的框架ObjectsDF，以在3D重建和对象表示中构建具有高保真度的对象复合神经隐式表示。观察常规音量渲染管道的歧义，我们通过组合单个对象的签名距离函数（SDF）来对场景进行建模，以发挥明确的表面约束。区分不同实例的关键是重新审视单个对象的SDF和语义标签之间的牢固关联。特别是，我们将语义信息转换为对象SDF的函数，并为场景和对象开发统一而紧凑的表示形式。实验结果表明，ObjectSDF框架在表示整体对象组合场景和各个实例方面的优越性。可以在https://qianyiwu.github.io/objectsdf/上找到代码

图像翻译和操纵随着深层生成模型的快速发展而引起了越来越多的关注。尽管现有的方法带来了令人印象深刻的结果，但它们主要在2D空间中运行。鉴于基于NERF的3D感知生成模型的最新进展，我们介绍了一项新的任务，语义到网络翻译，旨在重建由NERF模型的3D场景，该场景以一个单视语义掩码作为输入为条件。为了启动这项新颖的任务，我们提出了SEM2NERF框架。特别是，SEM2NERF通过将语义面膜编码到控制预训练的解码器的3D场景表示形式中来解决高度挑战的任务。为了进一步提高映射的准确性，我们将新的区域感知学习策略集成到编码器和解码器的设计中。我们验证了提出的SEM2NERF的功效，并证明它在两个基准数据集上的表现优于几个强基础。代码和视频可从https://donydchen.github.io/sem2nerf/获得

在分散的学习中，节点网络协作以最小化通常是其本地目标的有限总和的整体目标函数，并结合了非平滑的正则化术语，以获得更好的泛化能力。分散的随机近端梯度（DSPG）方法通常用于培训这种类型的学习模型，而随机梯度的方差延迟了收敛速率。在本文中，我们提出了一种新颖的算法，即DPSVRG，通过利用方差减少技术来加速分散的训练。基本思想是在每个节点中引入估计器，该节点周期性地跟踪本地完整梯度，以校正每次迭代的随机梯度。通过将分散的算法转换为具有差异减少的集中内隙近端梯度算法，并控制错误序列的界限，我们证明了DPSVRG以o（1 / t）$的速率收敛于一般凸起目标加上非平滑术语以$ t $作为迭代的数量，而dspg以$ o（\ frac {1} {\ sqrt {t}}）$汇聚。我们对不同应用，网络拓扑和学习模型的实验表明，DPSVRG会收敛于DSPG的速度要快得多，DPSVRG的损耗功能与训练时期顺利降低。

Dataset distillation has emerged as a prominent technique to improve data efficiency when training machine learning models. It encapsulates the knowledge from a large dataset into a smaller synthetic dataset. A model trained on this smaller distilled dataset can attain comparable performance to a model trained on the original training dataset. However, the existing dataset distillation techniques mainly aim at achieving the best trade-off between resource usage efficiency and model utility. The security risks stemming from them have not been explored. This study performs the first backdoor attack against the models trained on the data distilled by dataset distillation models in the image domain. Concretely, we inject triggers into the synthetic data during the distillation procedure rather than during the model training stage, where all previous attacks are performed. We propose two types of backdoor attacks, namely NAIVEATTACK and DOORPING. NAIVEATTACK simply adds triggers to the raw data at the initial distillation phase, while DOORPING iteratively updates the triggers during the entire distillation procedure. We conduct extensive evaluations on multiple datasets, architectures, and dataset distillation techniques. Empirical evaluation shows that NAIVEATTACK achieves decent attack success rate (ASR) scores in some cases, while DOORPING reaches higher ASR scores (close to 1.0) in all cases. Furthermore, we conduct a comprehensive ablation study to analyze the factors that may affect the attack performance. Finally, we evaluate multiple defense mechanisms against our backdoor attacks and show that our attacks can practically circumvent these defense mechanisms.

Blind image quality assessment (BIQA) remains challenging due to the diversity of distortion and image content variation, which complicate the distortion patterns crossing different scales and aggravate the difficulty of the regression problem for BIQA. However, existing BIQA methods often fail to consider multi-scale distortion patterns and image content, and little research has been done on learning strategies to make the regression model produce better performance. In this paper, we propose a simple yet effective Progressive Multi-Task Image Quality Assessment (PMT-IQA) model, which contains a multi-scale feature extraction module (MS) and a progressive multi-task learning module (PMT), to help the model learn complex distortion patterns and better optimize the regression issue to align with the law of human learning process from easy to hard. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed PMT-IQA model, we conduct experiments on four widely used public datasets, and the experimental results indicate that the performance of PMT-IQA is superior to the comparison approaches, and both MS and PMT modules improve the model's performance.

The development of social media user stance detection and bot detection methods rely heavily on large-scale and high-quality benchmarks. However, in addition to low annotation quality, existing benchmarks generally have incomplete user relationships, suppressing graph-based account detection research. To address these issues, we propose a Multi-Relational Graph-Based Twitter Account Detection Benchmark (MGTAB), the first standardized graph-based benchmark for account detection. To our knowledge, MGTAB was built based on the largest original data in the field, with over 1.55 million users and 130 million tweets. MGTAB contains 10,199 expert-annotated users and 7 types of relationships, ensuring high-quality annotation and diversified relations. In MGTAB, we extracted the 20 user property features with the greatest information gain and user tweet features as the user features. In addition, we performed a thorough evaluation of MGTAB and other public datasets. Our experiments found that graph-based approaches are generally more effective than feature-based approaches and perform better when introducing multiple relations. By analyzing experiment results, we identify effective approaches for account detection and provide potential future research directions in this field. Our benchmark and standardized evaluation procedures are freely available at: https://github.com/GraphDetec/MGTAB.

Given the increasingly intricate forms of partial differential equations (PDEs) in physics and related fields, computationally solving PDEs without analytic solutions inevitably suffers from the trade-off between accuracy and efficiency. Recent advances in neural operators, a kind of mesh-independent neural-network-based PDE solvers, have suggested the dawn of overcoming this challenge. In this emerging direction, Koopman neural operator (KNO) is a representative demonstration and outperforms other state-of-the-art alternatives in terms of accuracy and efficiency. Here we present KoopmanLab, a self-contained and user-friendly PyTorch module of the Koopman neural operator family for solving partial differential equations. Beyond the original version of KNO, we develop multiple new variants of KNO based on different neural network architectures to improve the general applicability of our module. These variants are validated by mesh-independent and long-term prediction experiments implemented on representative PDEs (e.g., the Navier-Stokes equation and the Bateman-Burgers equation) and ERA5 (i.e., one of the largest high-resolution data sets of global-scale climate fields). These demonstrations suggest the potential of KoopmanLab to be considered in diverse applications of partial differential equations.